マネジメント
Management theory (British:) The one of the fields that business management, Management Administration, etc.) is study to aim at the establishment of practical technique (management) about the management of an organization / the group (mainly, company), and constitute business administration. I propose scientific management method in the beginning in the 20th century, and Frederick Taylor called "father of the business administration" is done with the opening and, by a study by Henri Fayol called "father of the management principle" (a management process idea) again, is formed as study. A study developed mainly afterwards in U.S.A. Currently, as a result of having come to last for the many divergences, generally I accept the management object, and an element constituting an organization with complexity the large scale of the corporate management and the element concerned with management are subdivided because the range that the management treats becomes wide at all, and specialty became strong again. For example, the management of the mask of Homo sapiens personnel affairs personnel management (human resource management) idea, the management of the aspect of the money financial management theories. Fayol whom, more in addition, than Kiyoaki Shiotsugu / Nobuo Takahashi / Toshio Kobayashi "management" p8-9 is called "father of the management principle" defines management as 5 elements of a plan, an organization, conduct, adjustment, the control than Shigeru Nishimura / Nobuo Kobayashi / Yoshitsugu Akiyama "introduction to management" p4-5. I recruit four financial resources of "Homo sapiens thing money / the information" I perform company activity smoothly, and to achieve the purpose of the company and divide it effectively, and management is many activity putting together adequately when I easily gather it up. "Homo sapiens" (human resources) acting for the subject is important and I am good and pressure this to work on it and let it organizes it and collaborate, and it becomes in particular a main problem how you build the system which you let you activate it (or you let you show ability) and are enough, and do it. By expansion of development and the economy of progress / the capitalism of the industrialization to be called a secondary industry revolution from the latter half in the 19th century, the company applied financial resources effectively and came to aim at reinforcing production capacity. Each announcement, a study of the management began with a model of "the theory French manager / Fayol by "scientific management method" American engineer / Taylor at the start in a management process" bottom of such situation, the 20th century. On the other hand, German sociologist / Max Weber analyzed the rule form of the organization and did it when the legal rational organization was a governmental bureaucracy organization. With that in mind, I paid attention to the rational functional side of the organization and devised a concept called the histology and proposed "a governmental bureaucracy organization theory". These three studies can be said to be the starting point of the management theory. From criticism to the scientific management method to downplay the human side, human relations and a human desire to have, "human relations" to pay attention to a self-realization desire in particular were born afterwards. Mayow, Hawthorne experiment by the reply squirrel burger and desire zone theory (a self-realization theory) of Maslow, an XY theory of are known. I applied the theory of the organization of Max Weber to management, and an argument (systems approach) to analyze the whole organization into was advocated by Bernard and was connected in intention determinism of Simon later afterwards. On the other hand, after 1960's, I did it unless I was abstract by the argument that was going to find a conventional universal law and could cope with real management, and an opinion (a theory) to do when I accepted management environment, and there was the different most suitable organization form / administration in each appeared. I am basic by these many arguments, and the leadership theory, motivation theory, corporate culture theory, the company theory concerned open for various arguments. Kuniyoshi Urabe assumes that the recent management theory takes intention deterministic approach, approach of the behavioral science, the systems approach. It was said that the item of the management consisted of six following subcategories at the end in the 20th century. It comes to have difficulty with appearing as of a thing of the 21st century more and more to arrest only in these six categories. The reason is because many processes include some categories at the same time. I tend to think by various processes, the task that one can manage and the unit of the object in substitution for six categories by the present. Harold Koontz classifies theories of the management in 6 of the following by a book "general theory of the management"…